Past Participles
Here, we will finish our study of the past participles.
parasmaipada and ātmanepada
The parasmaipada and ātmanepada past participles are identical. Both are formed by adding the suffix -vat — yes, the same suffix in the word bhagavat — to the end of the PPP. The result is used just like a -vat noun.
श्रु → श्रुत → श्रुतवत् → अहं श्रुतवान्
śru → śruta → śrutavat → ahaṃ śrutavān
hear → heard (passive) → heard (active) → I am one-who-heard (more naturally, "I have heard.")
Review
In this lesson, we finished our study of the Sanskrit participle — for now, at least. Take a look at the chart below, and review the forms we've learned:
| भू | parasmaipada | ātmanepada | Passive |
|---|---|---|---|
| Past Tense | भूतवत् bhūtavat |
भूतवत् bhūtavat |
भूत bhūta |
| Present Tense | भवत् bhavat |
भवमान bhavamāna |
भूयमान bhūyamāna |
| Future Tense | भविष्यत् bhaviṣyat |
भविष्यमान bhaviṣyamāna |
भवितव्य, भाव्य, भवनीय bhavitavya, bhāvya, bhavanīya |