The Command Mood
Also known as: present imperative, ājñā ("command"), loṭ
Introduction
Back in Nouns, we studied just three of the many forms in the command mood. These three forms applied only to parasmaipada verbs from the simple verb classes. We have many more endings to study. Fortunately, these endings are almost identical to the ones we've been studying.
Endings
Each group of endings will be compared with its counterpart in the ordinary past tense.
P Endings
The simple verb classes and the complex verb classes use the same set of endings. Let's take a look at the endings:
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: include(/public/vhost/l/learnsanskrit/html/include/c-bhu-comm-p.html): failed to open stream: No such file or directory
Filename: helpers/general_helper.php
Line Number: 6
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: include(): Failed opening '/public/vhost/l/learnsanskrit/html/include/c-bhu-comm-p.html' for inclusion (include_path='.:/usr/share/php')
Filename: helpers/general_helper.php
Line Number: 6
The first-person endings have lost the visarga. Note the change from m to n in the first-person singular.
Here is an example for the complex verbs. The third-person singular uses the strong stem, and all three of the first-person forms use the strong stem as well.
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: include(/public/vhost/l/learnsanskrit/html/include/c-su-comm-p.html): failed to open stream: No such file or directory
Filename: helpers/general_helper.php
Line Number: 6
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: include(): Failed opening '/public/vhost/l/learnsanskrit/html/include/c-su-comm-p.html' for inclusion (include_path='.:/usr/share/php')
Filename: helpers/general_helper.php
Line Number: 6
A Endings
Here are the A endings for verbs from the simple verb classes.
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: include(/public/vhost/l/learnsanskrit/html/include/c-labh-comm-a.html): failed to open stream: No such file or directory
Filename: helpers/general_helper.php
Line Number: 6
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: include(): Failed opening '/public/vhost/l/learnsanskrit/html/include/c-labh-comm-a.html' for inclusion (include_path='.:/usr/share/php')
Filename: helpers/general_helper.php
Line Number: 6
Now, here are the A endings for verbs from the complex verb classes. The endings are almost exactly the same.
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: include(/public/vhost/l/learnsanskrit/html/include/c-su-comm-a.html): failed to open stream: No such file or directory
Filename: helpers/general_helper.php
Line Number: 6
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: include(): Failed opening '/public/vhost/l/learnsanskrit/html/include/c-su-comm-a.html' for inclusion (include_path='.:/usr/share/php')
Filename: helpers/general_helper.php
Line Number: 6
These are the differences between the two sets of endings:
- ntām → atām
We have seen this sort of change twice: in the present ātmanepada (nte → ate) and in the past ātmanepada (nta → ata).
