Exercises: Ātmanepada

Vocabulary

The inflected form provided in the second column shows both the verb's class and whether the verb tends to be parasmaipada, ātmanepada, or both. Verbs in both parasmaipada and ātmanepada mean about the same thing in either.

काश्

kāś

काशते

kāśate

shine brilliantly

भज्

bhaj

भजति -ते

bhajati -te

distribute, have a share of, enjoy; revere, love, adore [phage, Bhagavad Gita]

भाष्

bhāṣ

भाषते

bhāṣate

speak

मन्

man

मन्यते

manyate

think, believe, consider [mental]

रम्

ram

रमते

ramate

enjoy, delight (in), be glad [Rama]

लभ्

labh

लभते

labhate

obtain [di-lemma]

वर्त्

vart

वर्तते

vartate

turn, proceed, occur, exist [vortex, versus]

! जन्

jan

जायते

jāyate

be born, be generated [genesis]

! मर्

mar

म्रियते

mriyate

die [mortal]

Irregular verbs are few in number, but they are common. Since they are so common, you will not have much trouble remembering them.

Devanagari

Write the sentences below in IAST.

• नरो नगरं तरति, न तु वनं तरति

• वरं मातर् न मे वनम्

• नैवेति मनुते नराः

• वरतमं नगरं नमामः

• नवैर्वरैर्वर्तते

• न तु नरान् नमति

• तत् तूत्‌तमम्

• न मातृवनमिति न तरामीति मनुते

• नवममिति न तरति

• रे रे तव वीरो न वर्ते

Matching

Match the verb root to the word it produces. These exercises might be difficult, but they are good practice.

Verb Root

New Word

bhāṣ

mīmāṃsā

kāś

lābha

bhaj

bhāṣā

ram

amṛtatva

vart

rāma

jan

prakāśena

labh

bhajana

man

vartmānam

mar

jajñire

Translation

Translate from English to Sanskrit. As before, memorization is not important. To emphasize that fact, here are the endings from the lesson:

• It shines brilliantly.

• We adore.

• I speak.

• They obtain.

• The two of us die.

• It becomes.

• I think.

• You obtain.

• They turn.

• We become confused.

• We speak.

• You strike

• They conquer.

• I grieve.

• The two of us smile.

• He awakens.

• They condemn.

• I live.

• It stands.

• We see.

Translate from Sanskrit to English.

• मन्ये

  manye

• लभन्ते

  labhante

• म्रियते

  mriyate

• वर्तन्ते

  vartante

Answers

Devanagari

As before, English meanings are provided for your curiosity.

• naro nagaraṃ tarati, na tu vanaṃ tarati

  The man crosses the city, but he does not cross the forest.

• varaṃ mātar na me vanam

  It's best, mother, that it's not my forest.

• naiveti manute naraḥ

  The man thinks "Not at all!"

• varatamaṃ nagaraṃ namāmaḥ

  We worship the most excellent city.

• navairvarairvartate

  He exists with new gifts.

• na tu narān namati

  But he does not worship the men.

• tat tūttamam

  But that is the best.

• na mātṛvanamiti na tarāmīti manute

  He thinks, "This is not my mother's forest, so I won't cross."

• navamamiti na tarati

  He does not cross since it's the ninth.

• re re tava vīro na varte

  Hey, hey, I'm not your hero!

Matching

Verb Root

New Word

bhāṣ

bhāṣā

kāś

prakāśena

bhaj

bhajana

ram

rāma

vart

vartmānam

jan

jajñire

labh

lābha

man

mīmāṃsā

mar

amṛtatva

Translation

• काशते

  kāśate

• रमामहे

  ramāmahe

• भाषे

  bhāṣe

• लभन्ते

  labhante

• म्रियावहे

  mriyāvahe

• भवति

  bhavati

• मन्ये

  manye

• लभसे

  labhase

• वर्तन्ते

  vartante

• मुह्यामः

  muhyāmaḥ

• भाषामहे

  bhāṣāmahe

• तुदसि

  tudasi

• जयन्ति

  jayanti

• शोचामि

  śocāmi

• हसावः

  hasāvaḥ

• बोधति

  bodhati

• निन्दन्ति

  nindanti

• जीवामि

  jīvāmi

• तिष्ठति

  tiṣṭhati

• पश्यामः

  paśyāmaḥ

• I think. Gita 5.8, 6.34, 10.13
• They obtain. Gita 2.32, 5.24, 9.21
• It dies. Gita 2.20
• They exist. Gita 3.28, 5.9, 14.23