Exercises: Regular Roots
In the exercises below, we'll practice with the traditional versions of the roots we've studied so far.
Vocabulary
Take a look at the traditional roots featured below, and compare them to the version we've used so far. Note that some roots are identical in both systems. These roots are highlighted below.
Regular
- Our Root
- Traditional Root
- एष्eṣ
- इष्iṣ
- क्षय्kṣay
- क्षिkṣi
- जय्jay
- जिji
- तर्tar
- तॄtṝ
- दर्श्darś
- दृश्dṛś
- नय्nay
- नीnī
- बोध्bodh
- बुध्budh
- भव्bhav
- भूbhū
- मर्mar
- मृmṛ
- मोह्moh
- मुह्muh
- वर्त्vart
- वृत्vṛt
- शोच्śoc
- शुच्śuc
- सर्ज्sarj
- सृज्sṛj
- स्मर्smar
- स्मृsmṛ
- स्थाsthā
- स्थाsthā
- निन्द्nind
- निन्द्nind
- जीव्jīv
- जीव्jīv
Irregular
- Our Root
- Traditional Root
- गम्gam
- गम्gam
- चर्car
- चर्car
- नन्द्nand
- नन्द्nand
- प्रछ्prach
- प्रछ्prach
- रञ्ज्rañj
- रञ्ज्rañj
- हस्has
- हस्has
With the exception of prach, try to understand why these roots don't change. If we try to weaken these roots, then we get sounds that are difficult to pronounce, like gm or hs or cr. In practice, then, these weakened forms are pronounced like gam, has, car, and so on. The a in the traditional roots reflects this fact.
Translation
The verbs in these sentences below have been changed into the traditional roots. Using the root, recreate the original sentence. Make sure to apply the correct sandhi rules, and give the sentence's meaning when you're done. (These sentences are not from Sanskrit texts.)
सैंहवीरः वनम् (तॄ)
saiṃhavīraḥ vanam (tṝ)
आवाम् ग्रामे (बुध्)
āvām grāme (budh)
गजः इव नरः सिंहम् (तुद्)
gajaḥ iva naraḥ siṃham (tud)
नगरे न वयम् (शुच्)
nagare na vayam (śuc)
अर्जुनः न (मुह्)
arjunaḥ na (muh)
त्वम् अहम् च गजम् न (इष्)
tvam aham ca gajam na (iṣ)
सः आवाम् आचार्याय (नी)
saḥ āvām ācāryāya (nī)
फलात् जलम् (जन्)
phalāt jalam (jan)
ते (नन्द्)
te (nand)
वैरम् इव बालः तम् (प्रछ्)
vairam iva bālaḥ tam (prach)
जालात् वृकः (प्र-गम्), शशः तु जाले (वि-गम्)
jālāt vṛkaḥ (pra-gam), śaśaḥ tu jāle (vi-gam)
हे संजय, (क्रुध्) अर्जुनः
he saṃjaya, (krudh) arjunaḥ
नगरस्य मध्ये (भू) नराणाम् संभवः
nagarasya madhye (bhū) narāṇām saṃbhavaḥ
अहो, साक्षात् (स्था) मम पुत्रः रथे असमित्रः इति शोचति अर्जुनः
aho, sākṣāt (sthā) mama putraḥ rathe asamitraḥ iti śocati arjunaḥ
Answers
Translation
सैंहवीरो वनम् तरति
saiṃhavīro vanam tarati
The lion-like hero crosses the forest.
आवाम् ग्रामे बुधावः
āvām grāme budhāvaḥ
The two of us awaken in the village.
गज इव नरः सिंहम् तुदति
gaja iva naraḥ siṃham tudati
The man strikes the lion like an elephant.
नगरे न वयं शोचावः
nagare na vayaṃ śocāvaḥ
We do not grieve in the city.
अर्जुनो न मुह्यति
arjuno na muhyati
Arjuna does not become confused.
त्वम् अहं च गजं नेच्छावः
tvam ahaṃ ca gajaṃ necchāvaḥ
You and I do not want the elephant.
स आवाम् आचार्याय नयति
sa āvām ācāryāya nayati
He leads the two of us for the teacher.
फलाज् जलं जायते
phalāj jalaṃ jāyate
Water is produced from (literally "is born from") a fruit.
ते नन्दन्ति
te nandanti
They rejoice.
वैरम् इव बालस् तम् पृच्छति
vairam iva bālas tam pṛcchati
The boy asks him as if he is hostile.
जालाद् वृकः प्रगच्छति, शशस् तु जाले विगच्छति
jālād vṛkaḥ pragacchati, śaśas tu jāle vigacchati
The wolf goes forth from the net, but the rabbit dies in the net.
हे संजय, क्रुध्यत्य् अर्जुनः
he saṃjaya, krudhyaty arjunaḥ
Oh Sanjaya, Arjuna is becoming (or "becomes") angry.
नगरस्य मध्ये भवति नराणाम् संभवः
nagarasya madhye bhavati narāṇām saṃbhavaḥ
In the middle of the city is the origin of the men.
अहो, साक्षात् तिष्ठति मम पुत्रो रथे ऽसमित्र इति शोचत्य् अर्जुनः
aho, sākṣāt tiṣṭhati mama putro rathe 'samitra iti śocaty arjunaḥ
"Alas, before my eyes my son stands in his chariot without friends" — thus thinking, Arjuna grieves.