Exercises: Pronoun Bits

Vocabulary

अ

a

pronoun

(base of the pronoun ayam)

द्यु

dyu

f

day [day]

अद्य

adya

uninflected

today; now

This is an irregular form.

सद्यस्

sadyas

uninflected

immediately; at the very moment.

This is an irregular form.

Translation

Translate from Sanskrit to English.

• शङ्खचूड ! किमद्यापि स्थीयते ? समाहृत्य दारूणि पुत्रस्य मे विरचय चिताम्, येन वयमप्यनेन सह गच्छामः

  • dārūni is the neuter case 2 plural of dāṛu
  • viracaya is the 2nd singular command form of vi-rac
  • The passive use of sthā indicates here that he is dawdling.

• निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव ।
  न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे ॥

• न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च ।
  किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा ॥

• येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च ।
  त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस् त्यक्त्वा धनानि च ॥

  Here, क्त्व = ktva.

Answers

Translation

• Shankhacuda! Why have you stopped? Gather firewood and build my son's funeral pyre, by which we too (can) go with him.

  Nagananda 5.180 (CSL)

  The word yena can be interpreted in one of two ways. First, it can be treated as a masculine pronoun agreeing with putra. But this is unlikely because the word anena becomes redundant: "… the funeral pyre of our son, by whom we too go with him." Second, it can be treated as a neuter pronoun that refers to the situation abstractly; "by which (act of gathering) we too go with him." This usage is more likely.

• And I see omens, Krishna, inauspicious ones,
  and I foresee no goodness after killing my own people in battle.

  Bhagavad Gita 1.31

• I do not desire victory, Krishna, nor kingship or pleasures.
  What is kingship to us, Krishna? What are enjoyments, or (even) live?

  Bhagavad Gita 1.32

• Those for whose sake we desired kingship, enjoyments, and pleasures —
  they all are arrayed in battle, having relinquished their lives and wealth.

  Bhagavad Gita 1.33