Exercises: The PPP
Vocabulary
Prefixes: Near and Far
- अभि
-
- upon, over; toward, into [by, amphi-theater]
- अप
-
- away (from), off, without [apo-calypse]
- अव
-
- down from, off, away
Names
- मधु
- mfn
- sweet, pleasant [mead, meth-anol]
- मधु
- m
- name of Krishna's ancestor
- माधव
- m
- A descendant of Madhu, especially Krishna
- मधुर
- mfn
- sweet, pleasant; melodious
- भारत
- m
- descendant of Bharata, especially Arjuna
General vocabulary
- आप्
- ???
- obtain
- प्राप्
- ???
- obtain, attain
- अवाप्
- ???
- obtain, attain
- As you can see, prefixes do not tend to have much effect on the āp verb.
- obtain, attain
- उपे
- ???
- approach, come to
- समवे
- ???
- come together
- The PPP of this verb is samaveta, the third word of the Bhagavad Gita.
- come together
- अवतॄ
- अवतरति
- cross down, descend, become incarnate
- अवतार
- m
- incarnation of god on earth, Avatar
- मृत
- mfn
- dead, deceased
- अमृत
- mfn
- immortal, imperishable
- अमृत
- n
- nectar of immortality, ambrosia
- अमृतत्व
- n
- immortality
- स्यन्दन
- n
- "rushing"; a chariot
- हय
- m
- horse
Translation
Translate from Sanskrit to English. These exercises are not from actual Sanskrit works.
वयं नीयन्ते त्वया नगरम्
वयं नीतास् त्वया नगरम्
नीलफलमाप्तं गजेन कृष्णवृक्षात्
अश्वो दृष्टस् त्वया प्रगच्छति ग्रामम्
विजितैर् नरैर् वयं प्रतिगमिष्यन्ति त्वाम्
मृतस्य गजस्य करे विद्यते जलम्
Translate from Sanskrit to English.
श्वेतैर् हयैर् युक्ते ... स्यन्दने स्थितौ माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव
विमुक्तो मामुपैष्यसि
Answers
Translation
We are led by you to the city.
Use a regular passive verb, not the PPP.
We have been led by you to the city.
Note the effect of the "past" part of the PPP on our translation.
The blue fruit was obtained from the black tree by the elephant.
The horse seen by the man goes to the village.
We will return to you with the conquered men.
Water is found in the mouth of the dead elephant
Madhava (Krishna) and the Pandava (Arjuna) are stationed in the chariot yoked with white horses.
Bhagavad Gita 1.14
Freed, you will go to me.
Gita 9.28