Exercises: Case 3

Vocabulary

Prefixes: Forward and Backward

प्र
 
forward, in front
प्रति
 
back, again, opposite (to)

General vocabulary

हन्
???
kill, strike
The gerund of this word is hatvā, as you might expect.
ह्वे
ह्वयति
call, summon, challenge, invoke
This verb is said to belong to the a+ class. So, too, are all verbs with a medium or strong vowel. This fact is easier to understand if we think back to our old root system: the a+ class contains roots that do not weaken.
आह्वे
आह्वयति
provoke, challenge, invoke
Note that the prefix does not cause any great change in meaning here.
आहव
m
challenge; war, battle
This word can also be derived from ā-hu, which means "worship, praise, sacrifice." This double meaning is used powerfully by the poet Bhasa in one of his plays, which captures Duryodhana's death at Kurukshetra and offers him a sort of redemption.
गम्
गच्छति
go [come]
प्रगम्
प्रगच्छति
go forth, go forward
प्रतिगम्
प्रतिगच्छति
return
जन्
जायते
be born, be generated [genesis]
जन
m
person, being [genus]
स्व
mfn
one's own
This word is commonly used as the first word in a case 1 tatpurusha compound. So, svajana means "one's own people" or "one's own kin."

Translation

Translate from English to Sanskrit. Some reminders:

Note that some words, like "mouth" in exercise 3, have multiple translations.

Translate from Sanskrit to English. These sentences are not from Sanskrit works. Note the flexible word order, and note that a single space or letter can cause a dramatic change in meaning.

Translate from Sanskrit to English.

Answers

Translation