Exercises: Case 4

Vocabulary

स्था

sthā

तिष्ठति

tiṣṭhati

stand, be established in [stand]

उत्था

utthā

उत्तिष्ठति

uttiṣṭhati

stand up

Note that the s of sthā has disappeared.

Miscellaneous

गोविन्द

govinda

m

A name for Krishna

This word has two suggested origins, each of which suggests a different meaning. We will study these two origins later on. For now, you can consider the two meanings: "cow finder" and "lord of cowherds."

Translation (English → Sanskrit)

Translate from English to Sanskrit. Write each answer in two ways: with case 4 and with artha.

• I have done this for you.

  Use the PPP here: "It is done by me for you."

• Rama goes for us, but Arjuna goes for the teacher.

Translation (Sanskrit → English)

Translate from Sanskrit to English.

• हतो वा प्राप्स्यसि स्वर्गं जित्वा वा भोक्ष्यसे महीम् ।
  तस्मादुत्तिष्ठ कौन्तेय युद्धाय कृतनिश्चयः ॥
  

  bhokṣya is the future stem of bhuj.

• सुखदुःखे समे कृत्वा लाभालाभौ जयाजयौ ।
  ततो युद्धाय युज्यस्व नैवं पापमवाप्स्यसि ॥

  Note that sukhaduḥkhe and same are neuter words in the dual.

• उत्तिष्ठोत्तिष्ठ गोविन्द उत्तिष्ठ गरुअध्वज ।
  उत्तिष्ठ कमलाकन्त

Answers

Translation (English → Sanskrit)

Translation (Sanskrit → English)

• Either having been killed you will obtain heaven, or having conquered you will enjoy the earth.
  Therefore, stand up, son of Kunti, with resolution made for (the purpose of) battle.

  Bhagavad Gita 2.37

• After rendering pleasure and pain the same — (and) gain and loss, (and) victory and defeat —
  then be engaged in (literally "for") battle! In this way you will incur no evil.

  Gita 2.38

  Note that yujyasva is passive here.

• Wake up, wake up, Govidna! Wake up, Garuda-bannered one (i.e. one whose banner has Garuda on it)! Wake up, beloved of Kamala!

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